Micro & Macro-éléments

On distingue ainsi selon leur concentration :

les macro-éléments (entre 30 à 1300 g pour un corps humain de 70 Kg)
les micro-éléments (entre 1 à 10 g pour un corps humain de 70 Kg)
les oligo-éléments (<1 mg/Kg)

Ils jouent un rôle de catalyseur ou de régulateur, par exemple d’activateurs enzymatiques.

Micro-éléments

Brome (Br)
Iode (I)
Fer (Fe)
Fluor (F)
Zinc (Zn)

Oligo et Macro-éléments

Ensemble des éléments nécessaires au corps :

H																		He
Li	Be												B	C	N	O	F	Ne
Na	Mg												Al	Si	P	S	Cl	Ar
K	Ca	Sc		Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
Rb	Sr	Y		Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
Cs	Ba	La	*	Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg	Tl	Pb	Bi	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra	Ac	**	Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg

			*	Ce	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
			**	Th	Pa	U	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr

Les 4 éléments organiques

Autres macro-éléments

Oligo-éléments

Éléments omniprésents
mais sans fonction vitale

H (Hydrogène), He (Hélium), Li (Lithium), Be (Béryllium), B (Bore), C (Carbone), N (Azote), O (Oxygène), F (Fluor), Ne (Néon), Na (Sodium), Mg (Magnésium), Al (Aluminium), Si (Silicium), P (Phosphore), S (Soufre), Cl (Chlore), Ar (Argon), K (Potassium), Ca (Cadmium), Sc (Scandium), Ti (Titane), V (Vanadium), Cr (Chrome), Mn (Manganèse), Fe (Fer), Co (Cobalt), Ni (Nickel), Cu (Cuivre), Zn (Zinc), Ga (Gadolium), Ge (Germanium), As (Arsenic), Se (Sélénium), Br (Brome), Kr (Krypton), Rb (Rubidium), Sr (Strontium), Y (Yttrium), Zr (Zirconium), Nb (Niobium), Mo (Molybdène), Tc (Technétium), Ru (Ruthénium), Rh (Rhodium), Pd (Palladium), Ag (Argon), Cd (Cadmium), In (Indium), Sn (Etain), Sb (Antimoine), Te (Tellure), I (Iode), Xe (Xénon), Cs (Césium), Ba (Baryum), La (Lanthane), Hf (Hafnium), Ta (Tantale), W (Tungstène), Re (Rhénium), Os (Osmium), Ir (Iridium), Pt (Platine), Au (Or), Hg (Mercure), Tl (Thallium), Pb (Plomb), Bi (Bismuth), Po (Polonium), At (Astate), Rn (Radon), Fr (Francium), Ra (Radium), Ac (Actimium), Rf (Rutherfordium), Db (Dubnium), Sg (Seaborgium), Bh (Bohrium), Hs (Hassium), Mt (Meitnerium), Ds (Darmstadtium), Rg (Roentgenium), Ce (Cérium), Pr (Praséodyme), Nd (Néodyme), Pm (Prométhium), Sm (Samarium), Eu (Europium), Gd (Gadolinium), Tb (Terbium), Dy (Dysprosium), Ho (Holmium), Er (Erbium), Tm (Thulium), Yb (Ytterbium), Lu (Lutécium), Th (Thorium), Pa (Protactinium), U (Uranium), Np (Neptunium), Pu (Plutonium), Am (Américium), Cm (Curium), Bk (Berkélium), Cf (Californium), Es (Einsteinium), Fm (Fermium), Md (Mendélévium), No (Nobélium), Lr (Lawrencium)

Liste des Macro-éléments

Pour un homme adulte de 70 kg, en grammes :

Rang	Élément chimique	%	mol	Masse	Besoins journaliers
1	Oxygène (O)	61,43	2 700	43 000	–
2	Carbone (C)	22,86	1 300	16 000	300
3	Hydrogène (H)	10	6 900	7 000	–
4	Azote (₇N)	2,57	129	1 800	5
5	Calcium (Ca)	1,43	25	1 000	1
6	Phosphore (P)	1,11	25	780	0,8
7	Potassium (K)	0,2	3,6	140	2
8	Soufre (₁₆S)	0,2	4,4	140	–
9	Sodium (₁₁Na)	0,16	4,3	100	1
10	Chlore (₁₇Cl)	0,14	2,7	95	–
11	Magnésium (Mg)	0,03	0,78	19	0,4
Total	Macro-éléments	100	4 884,78	70 074	–

H																		He
Li	Be												B	C	N	O	F	Ne
Na	Mg												Al	Si	P	S	Cl	Ar
K	Ca	Sc		Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
Rb	Sr	Y		Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
Cs	Ba	La	*	Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg	Tl	Pb	Bi	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra	Ac	**	Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg

			*	Ce	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
			**	Th	Pa	U	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr

H																		He
Li	Be												B	C	N	O	F	Ne
Na	Mg												Al	Si	P	S	Cl	Ar
K	Ca	Sc		Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
Rb	Sr	Y		Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
Cs	Ba	La	*	Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg	Tl	Pb	Bi	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra	Ac	**	Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg

			*	Ce	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
			**	Th	Pa	U	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr

H																		He
Li	Be												B	C	N	O	F	Ne
Na	Mg												Al	Si	P	S	Cl	Ar
K	Ca	Sc		Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
Rb	Sr	Y		Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
Cs	Ba	La	*	Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg	Tl	Pb	Bi	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra	Ac	**	Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg

			*	Ce	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
			**	Th	Pa	U	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr